The aim of this study was to determine the effects of on shore Sprint Interval Training (SIT) using a rowing ergometer on anaerobic and aerobic capacity, and sail pumping performance on water in a male windsurfing Olympian (age: 32 years, competition years: 23, results at Rio Olympic Games in 2016: 15th). Training was in two phases, the first comprising nine sessions over 11 days (three training days alternating with one rest day), and one training session (repeated sets of five maximal effort rowing with 4 min recovery between each set). The second training phase comprised six sessions over 11 days (one training day alternating with one rest day), and two sessions each comprising repeated sets of eight (each set: 20 s maximal efforts rowing and 10 s rest) with a 15 min rest between sessions. Performance tests were implemented three times prior to training, the interval between immediately after completion of all training and before the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games in 2016, and on return to Japan after this event. The main findings after the training period were that the mean output power in the 1 min all-out rowing test increased (P < 0.01), and the peak output power tended to increase. In the incremental stage test, the polygonal curve of heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentrations (BLa) during submaximal exercise shifted to the right, the intensity of onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) tended to increase, and maximal exercise intensity tended to increase. However, maximal aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen consumption and maximal heart rate) did not change. The 2000 m rowing time and mean output power tended to improve. HR decreased during the sail pumping test (P < 0.01). In summary, SIT using a rowing ergometer in a windsurfing Olympian improved anaerobic capacity, submaximal aerobic capacity, and maximal aerobic performance. These improvements were reflected in indirect improvement in sail pumping performance (reduced cardiorespiratory load) in light wind conditions on water.
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