Markers of low-iron status are associated with female athlete triad risk factors
Purpose:
The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is common in female athletes. The Triad is caused by low-energy availability (EA), which is often difficult to measure and has been postulated to be associated with low-iron status. Here, we explore whether markers of low-iron status may be associated with indicators of low EA including Triad risk factors.
Methods:
A total of 239 female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes completed preparticipation examinations that included Triad risk factors, medication/supplement use, diagnosis of anemia, and elected to complete dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure bone mineral density. The association of markers of low iron (defined as self-report of iron supplementation and/or history of anemia) with each component of the Triad risk assessment score was assessed by stratifying low-iron status across different levels of Triad risk category. Differences across iron status groups were assessed using Fisher exact testing.
Results:
Every component of the Triad risk assessment score excluding delayed menarche was associated with low-iron status. The proportion of women who reported low iron was 11.5% in the low-risk EA group compared with 50% in the moderate-risk and 66.7% in the high-risk EA groups (P = 0.02); respectively. These numbers were 11.6%, 25.0%, and 66.7% (P = 0.02) for body mass index; 9.7%, 16.7%, and 25.0% (P < 0.05) for oligomenorrhea; 10.3%, 45.5%, and 50.0% (P < 0.01) for bone mineral density; and 10.4%, 20.8%, and 30.8% (P = 0.03) for history of stress reaction or fracture. Lean/endurance athletes were more likely to have low-iron status than other athletes (15.5% vs 3.4%, P = 0.02).
Conclusions:
Markers for low-iron status were associated with Triad risk factors. Our study suggests that female athletes with a history of anemia or iron supplementation may require further screening for low EA.
© Copyright 2021 Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään.
Aiheet: | naispuolinen urheilulääketiede mineraali puute suhde häiriö ravitsemus paino energia-aineenvaihdunta |
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Aihealueet: | biologiset ja lääketieteelliset tieteet kestävyys urheilu |
Tagging: | Sportlerinnentriade Eisenmangel Eisen Anämie RED-S female athlete triad |
DOI: | 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002660 |
Julkaisussa: | Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise |
Julkaistu: |
2021
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Vuosikerta: | 53 |
Numero: | 9 |
Sivuja: | 1969-1974 |
Julkaisutyypit: | artikkeli |
Kieli: | englanti (kieli) |
Taso: | kehittynyt |